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A Worthy Nobel Winner in Economics
By Msgr. George G. Higgins
January 4, 1999
Professor Amartya Sen, a native of India, won the 1998 Nobel
Prize in Economic Science for work on human rights, poverty and inequality,
and for what the Royal Swedish Academy of Science said had "restored an
ethical dimension to the discussion of vital economic problems.''
It tells us something about the current state of the economics
profession that Sen's selection because of his emphasis on ethical norms
and values came as a shock and severe disappointment to some of his peers
and was so exceptional that it was treated as headline news in the American
press.
As recently as 10 years ago a member of the Nobel Committee predicted
that Sen never would get the prize because, among other reasons, his unfashionable
concern with ethics seemed out of step with the values-free, specialized
approach that the economics profession prizes. But times have changed --
or at least have begun to change.
Anyone who keeps up with the literature in this arcane discipline
will recognize that Sen's emphasis on ethical values is the rare exception.
Indeed it is so exceptional and, among conservative economists, so unwelcome
that an editorial-page writer for the Wall Street Journal demeaned himself
in an op-ed column ("The Wrong Economist Won'') by protesting Sen's selection
for the Nobel Prize.
The New York Times, on the other hand, found Sen's selection
"gratifying.'' So do I. Two American economists -- Robert Pollin and Stephanie
Luce -- have just published an excellent book which, like Sen's writings,
brings an ethical dimension to the discussion of a vital economic problem.
The book is "The Living Wage: Building a Fair Economy'' (New Press, 1998).
With almost one-third of all working people in the United States
today earning wages below the official poverty line, community coalitions
around the country have responded by proposing municipal "living-wage''
ordinances. Essentially a legislative initiative requiring companies that
receive government contracts to pay their workers decent wages and reasonable
benefits, the first local living-wage campaign was waged and won in Baltimore
in 1994.
Since then, living wage laws have been passed in Boston, Los
Angeles, Milwaukee, New York and Portland, Ore. Similar initiatives are
being considered in many other cities. The "Living Wage'' is the first
book to consider the specifics of these local living-wage proposals. How
many working families will benefit? How much will these programs cost,
and who will pay for them? The authors show how living-wage proposals are
affordable for both cities and employers, and argue that they can play
an important role in reversing the 25-year decline in wages experienced
by most working people in America.
The authors of this important new book point out that religious
groups are prominently represented in the rapidly growing living-wage movement,
a movement economist Robert Kutner aptly described as the most interesting
and underreported grass-roots enterprise since the Civil Rights Movement.
Catholic participants in the movement are keeping alive a proud
tradition started almost a century ago by the late Msgr. John A. Ryan ,
who to this day is still regarded as the most distinguished American Catholic
expert in the social ethics field. Msgr. Ryan's 1906 book, "The Living
Wage,'' is still required reading to counter the writings of those who,
incredibly, argue that wages must be determined solely by the so-called
laws of economics. The selection of Sen as this year's Nobel Prize winner
in economics provides some slight reason to hope that, as time goes on,
the profession as a whole will come to its senses on this point.
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